The use of hooks in upper instrumented vertebra to prevent proximal junctional complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC Surg · 2026 · PMC13285527 · PMID 42063019

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.2800

closest p · 5.6× alpha

0.2800

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.28not close (p > 0.1)

29.1%) but did not reach statistical significance (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.46–1.25, p = 0.28).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

For proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK; 2 studies, n = 183), hook fixation showed a trend toward lower incidence (22.0% vs. 29.1%) but did not reach statistical significance (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.46–1.25, p = 0.28).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.