Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazil: Insights from a Nationwide Online Survey.

Antibiotics (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13295450 · PMID 42353747

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0560

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Attitude model: Associations between education and attitude scores were weaker and did not reach statistical significance, the strongest, albeit borderline, estimate being observed among respondents with a bachelor’s degree (IRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02–2.75, p = 0.054).

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approached significancep = 0.055so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The interaction for males with a master’s/doctorate approached significance (IRR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80–1.00, p = 0.055).

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borderline significantp = 0.056so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Perception score showed a negative but borderline significant association (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.61–1.01; p = 0.056), suggesting that participants with stronger risk perceptions had slightly lower odds of proper disposal practice, though this effect was not statistically significant.

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