Differential associations of beverage consumption with diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13318734 · PMID 42388487

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approaching significanceno p-value reported

At 591.79 g/week, the effect estimate was 1.92, with a 95% confidence interval approaching significance (0.98–3.76).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Due to moderate heterogeneity (I 2 = 75.9%), a random-effects model was used for the pooled analysis ( Figure 4A ), the overall pooled effect estimate did not reach statistical significance.

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