Influence of diet on the modulation of gut microbiota and its neurobiological effects on cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Food Nutr Res · 2026 · PMC13325949 · PMID 42395582

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

showed a trendno p-value reported

The pooled effect showed a trend favoring dietary interventions (standardized mean difference = −0.32 (95% CI: −0.92 to 0.28)), although this did not reach statistical significance.

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a mild trendno p-value reported

The pooled SMD under the random-effects model was −0.32 (95% CI: −0.92 to 0.28), indicating a mild trend favoring dietary interventions but without statistical significance.

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