Non-invasive biomarkers of perioperative stress in ophthalmic surgeons: Heart rate variability, cortisol and salivary copeptin in a feasibility study.

PLoS One · 2026 · PMC13395310 · PMID 42490674

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although a slight elevation in copeptin levels was observed during the surgical day (from 2.07 ± 0.42 at baseline to 2.50 ± 0.67 2.3 ± 0.7 pmol·l − 1 immediately before surgery), this change did not reach statistical significance.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

RMSSD showed a trend to be decreased between the surgery start and end, and to recover afterwards ( Fig 2B ).

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