Prevalence of bacteriospermia and its association with semen parameters among men attending a fertility clinic in Kumasi, Ghana.

Front Reprod Health · 2026 · PMC13396166 · PMID 42499669

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hedged sentences

0.0570

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0570

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In the adjusted binary logistic regression model, semen volume approached but did not reach statistical significance as a predictor of bacteriospermia (Wald χ 2 = 5.731, df = 2, p = 0.057), explaining 2.9%–3.8% of the variance (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.029–0.038).

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approached significancep = 0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

No significant association was found between bacteriospermia and semen parameters ( p > 0.05), though semen volume approached significance as a predictor of bacteriospermia ( p = 0.057), with hypospermia associated with significantly lower odds of bacteriospermia (aOR = 0.558; p = 0.047) and hyperspermia showing no significant association (aOR = 0.961; p = 0.160).

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approached but did not reach significanceno p-value reported

Semen volume approached but did not reach significance as a predictor of bacteriospermia, with hypospermia associated with significantly lower odds of bacteriospermia and hyperspermia showing no significant association, suggesting semen volume alone is an insufficient determinant of bacteriospermia status.

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