Tumour tissue-associated microbiome differences between colonic adenoma and carcinoma revealed by 5R 16S rRNA sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: a case-control study.

Formal statistical testing confirmed that the global compositional differences between the groups did not reach statistical significance, as verified by both the ANOSIM test ( R = 0.026, p = 0.106) and the PERMANOVA analysis ( R 2 = 0.024, p = 0.137). 3.5 Microbial composition associated with tumour tissue After filtering out four categories of negative contamination controls, we analysed the community composition at the species level ( Figure 3A ).

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nucleatum showed a trend towards enrichment in the colon cancer group in species composition analysis and clustering heatmaps, it did not reach significance in either LEfSe or ANCOM-BC2 analyses.

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