Population mixing, socioeconomic status and incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in England and Wales: analysis by census ward.

Adding deprivation to this model (model G) did not significantly improve the fit, although the test for trend was of borderline significance.

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Deprivation, however, had the most highly significant effect in univariate analysis (model C).

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Deprivation was very nearly statistically significant as a risk factor for ALL, with a tendency for risk to be higher in more affluent areas.

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Incidence at ages 1–4 years was higher in wards classed as rural than in those classed as urban or mixed; the test for heterogeneity was borderline significant.

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In contrast, incidence was highest in wards where there was least diversity of wards of origin among child incomers, but the test for heterogeneity was marginally nonsignificant and there was no suggestion of a monotonic trend.

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The effect of the combination of urbanisation and incomers' diversity did not reach statistical significance when the deprivation index was allowed for.

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