Abnormality of the DNA double-strand-break checkpoint/repair genes, ATM, BRCA1 and TP53, in breast cancer is related to tumour grade.

When an association between the frequency of LOH at individual genes and tumour grade (tumour differentiation) was examined using the Mantel-extension χ 2 test for trends, BRCA1 and TP53 showed a trend to a significant increase in LOH frequency in more poorly differentiated tumours ( P =0.003, P =0.009, respectively).

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When the frequency of abnormal expression of individual proteins was correlated with tumour grade using the Mantel-extension χ 2 test for trends, there was a significant trend to an increase in abnormal BRCA1 expression with higher grade ( P= 0.036) ( Figure 3 ).

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