Rather, the Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study, which compared salmeterol/fluticasone with placebo, salmeterol alone or fluticasone alone, reported numerical reductions in mortality in both salmeterol arms compared with the placebo and ICS arms, although these reductions did not reach statistical significance ( 43 ).
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reported that formoterol in combination with tiotropium elicited a significantly faster onset of action than tiotropium alone (but not formoterol alone) according to change in FEV 1 10 min after inhalation (p = 0.016) and showed a trend for greater maximum bronchodilation according to measures of FEV 1 performed over 24 h ( 44 ).