Adjusted for gender and ACD respectively ODD, preschool behaviors explained 2.7% of the variance in ODD problems and 1.2% of the variance in ACD problems. Individual difficult behaviors Hot temper, disobedience, and bossiness were all significant predictors of ODD problems ( B s between 0.12 and 0.14, p s < .001), while the association with bullying was marginally significant ( B = 0.05, p = .01).
When all preschool behaviors were included in the model simultaneously, the effects of hot temper, disobedience, and bossiness remained significant ( B s between 0.08 and 0.10, p s < .001), while the effect of bullying showed a trend in the opposite direction ( B = −0.05, p = .02).
As concerning T1 ACD problems, most results were similar to those regarding T2 problems, but the interaction effect of preschool social understanding and difficult behaviors failed to reach statistical significance at T1 ( B = −0.02, p = .07).