EVIDENCE FOR TEAM TRAINING IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE The first documented team-training course in emergency medicine was undertaken in the late 1990s by Small et al .[ 78 ] A limited evaluation of this course showed a trend toward improved teamwork behaviors.
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Staff attitudes to teamwork were improved, and error rates reduced after the training, although there were no data to support improved clinical outcomes, and there were many confounders due to the nature of the study design.[ 82 ] Further behavioral effects were examined with a small study of 20 ED physicians and nurses, half of whom were trained as “stable teams” with the ETCC method and observed after a 2-week interval in a simulated environment.[ 83 ] In this study, there was a trend toward improved behavioral markers of teamwork in the trained group that did not reach statistical significance.