Ultrasound-evoked immediate early gene expression in the brainstem of the Chinese torrent frog, Odorrana tormota.

Although the trends toward difference in egr - 1 expression levels for US and FS stimulation did not reach statistical significance in the Ptor (Table 1 ; Fig. 4 ), this may be due to limited sample size; the sample sizes of the groups were necessarily small due to constraints on access to the animals, reducing the power of the analysis and limiting our ability to include a fourth experimental group in which the frogs were presented with the audible components of the call only.

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Egr - 1 levels in the sampled areas of the Ptor showed a trend toward higher expression in response to the US versus the FS stimulus.

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In contrast, in the sampled regions of the Ptor, the US stimulus appeared to evoke more egr - 1 expression than the FS call, although the contrast between these stimuli did not quite reach statistical significance (Table 1 ; Figs. 3 , 4 c).

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