Maternal cigarette smoking and its effect on neonatal lymphocyte subpopulations and replication.

BMC Pediatr · 2013 · PMC3644263 · PMID 23597118

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Also, SM showed a trend to higher IL-7 concentrations compared to their newborns (p = 0.07) (Figure 1 ).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

These findings are similar to a study investigating acute effects of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke in five smokers and non-smokers [ 33 ], showing increased NK cells and decreased CD3+ and CD19+ cells which did not reach statistical significance.

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