Clostridium difficile modulates host innate immunity via toxin-independent and dependent mechanism(s).

PLoS One · 2013 · PMC3726775 · PMID 23922820

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showed a trendno p-value reported

R20291 showed a trend for greater IL-1β secretion compared to 630, and an absence of the single toxin had minimal effect.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Strains R20291 , 630 and 630Δerm increased MHC class II and CD40 expression, however this increase did not reach statistical significance and no difference in the magnitude of the responses was apparent with the mutant strains (data not shown).

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