Learning to obtain reward, but not avoid punishment, is affected by presence of PTSD symptoms in male veterans: empirical data and computational model.

Mixed-model ANOVA with within-subject factors of trial type (2) and block (4) and between-subject factor of PTSS group revealed a significant effect of trial type ( F (1,85) = 7.30, p = 0.008), a near-significant effect of PTSS ( F (1,85) = 3.94, p = 0.050) and a significant type x PTSS interaction ( F (1,85) = 3.94, p = 0.005).

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The interaction between trial type and PTSS approached significance ( F (1,65) = 3.66, p = 0.060), and there were also interactions between trial type, PTSS, and medication ( F (1,65) = 4.92, p = 0.030), and between trial type, medication, BI, and combat history ( F (2,65) = 3.52, p = 0.035).

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Although the interaction with medication status fell short of significance in the omnibus ANOVA, further analysis revealed that there was a qualitative difference in estimated values of R0 in unmedicated PTSS participants, compared to other subgroups.

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