Context specificity of post-error and post-conflict cognitive control adjustments.

In addition, the three-way interaction between taskset, previous congruency, and present congruency approached significance for this sample ( F (1,66) = 3.89, p = 0.053).

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Partial correlations for sustained post-error slowing also demonstrated more negative correlations between post-error slowing and baseline RT (controlling for ER; M = −0.471, SD = 0.589) than between post-error slowing and ER (controlling for baseline RT; M = 0.129, SD = 0.756) although only achieving marginal significance ( t (16) = 1.97, p = 0.067; see Figure 4 ).

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While this effect did not reach statistical significance (Bonferroni-corrected, α = 0.025) for the measure of immediate post-error slowing ( r = −0.322, p = 0.208 and r = −0.284, p = 0.065 for high-ER and expanded subsamples, respectively), a significant correlation between sustained post-error slowing and ER was present for both the high-ER subsample ( r = −0.643, p = 0.006) and the expanded sample of 43 participants ( r = −0.361, p = 0.017).

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effect of trial N accuracy on trials N+1 through N+5), greater post-error slowing coincided with greater improvement in post-error accuracy within the high ER subsample ( r = −0.481, p = 0.059 (two-tailed)), providing a marginally significant result (see Figure 3(d) ).

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In Stroop sequences, by contrast, a nonsignificant trend was noted toward increased ERs for cC and/or iI sequences, relative to iC and/or cI sequences, as evidenced by a negative raw ER CAI in the full dataset ( M = −0.016, SD = 0.102; t (66) = −1.72, p = 0.090) and high-ER subset ( M = −0.040, SD = 0.125; t (16) = −1.89, p = 0.076).

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