Interestingly, even the most important parameter for clinical decision making, performance status, failed to reach statistical significance in this analysis.
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Serum HMGB1 is a predictive and prognostic biomarker for oncolytic immunotherapy.
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Moreover, high-HMGB1 patients showed a trend for higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 at baseline, which has been linked to advanced disease, immunosuppression, and poor effectiveness of immunotherapy. 32,33 Extracellular HMGB1 mediates tumor immune suppression e.g. by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, 34 activating regulatory T-cells, 35 and inhibiting tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, 10 all of which are expected to result in antitumor T-cell suppression and poor outcome after immunogenic immunotherapy.