Positive expression of programmed death ligand-1 correlates with superior outcomes and might be a therapeutic target in primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, tumor size, stage, and PD-L1 expression status, the latter three factors were found to be independent predictors of PFS ( P =0.023, P =0.000, and P =0.009, respectively), but only stage was found to be an independent factor for OS ( P =0.007), and PD-L1 expression status showed a trend to be independently correlated with OS ( P =0.080).

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Importantly, tumors expressing PD-L1 in our series showed a significant trend toward better PFS.

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