The role of verbal and pictorial information in multimodal incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary.

Furthermore, there was a strong trend for participants to perform better on the words presented with audio, written, and pictorial information (AWP) than auditorily only (A) [ F 1 (1, 27) = 4.11, p = .05, η p 2 = .13; F 2 (1, 77) = 3.89, p = .05, η p 2 = .05].

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The results showed a trend for a main effect of word condition [ F 1 (2, 54) = 2.94, p = .06, η p 2 = .10; F 2 (2, 154) = 2.86, p = .06, η p 2 = .04].

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