Similar Efficacies of Selection Shape Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes in Both Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens.

For humans, there was no difference in NI or Z* between OXPHOS genes encoded in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes ( P MWU > 0.46 for both statistics), whereas for flies there was a weakly significant difference that was driven by the fact that the nuclear OXPHOS genes in our sample had values of NI and Z* that were more consistent with an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions ( NI , P MWU = 0.026; Z* , P MWU = 0.022) ( Figure S2 ).

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For the entire set of protein-coding mitochondrial genes, there was a slight excess of nonsynonymous polymorphism relative to the neutral expectation, as indicated by moderately significant MK tests [Fisher’s exact test, P FET ranged from 0.0004 to 0.041 across methods ( Table S2 )] and values of NI TG that ranged from 1.67 to 2.57 across methods, with confidence intervals that did not include the neutral expectation of 1 ( Table S2 ).

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