While both butyrate and propionate treatment showed a trend toward enhancing the NF-kB response in response to the TLR9 agonist ODN2006 in HEK293 cells, these differences did not reach statistical significance (Figure 2 E).
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Redirection of Epithelial Immune Responses by Short-Chain Fatty Acids through Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases.
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