Citizen Science: The Small World Initiative Improved Lecture Grades and California Critical Thinking Skills Test Scores of Nonscience Major Students at Florida Atlantic University.

J Microbiol Biol Educ · 2016 · PMC4798800 · PMID 27047613

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0830

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

approaching significancep = 0.083so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

When SWI and control students from both terms were combined, SWI students had higher mean lecture grades than control students, approaching significance ( p = 0.083), and had significantly higher overall grades and higher proportions of students exceeding or equaling their lecture section mean percentage.

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approached significancep < 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Fall SWI CCTST pretest mean total scores were higher than control pretest mean total scores and approached significance (0.09 < p < 0.10, KW ANOVA), so we did an ANCOVA analysis to control for higher SWI pretest mean scores by using them as a covariate ( 20 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.