Male Presence can Increase Body Mass and Induce a Stress-Response in Female Mice Independent of Costs of Offspring Production.

Additionally, females housed with castrated males showed a trend (P = 0.052) for higher FCM than females housed with other females, although again, this effect did not reach conventional statistical significance ( Fig. 2 ).

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In addition to this significant between group contrast, the two other between group comparisons approached significance and are worth noting.

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