Protein Intake and Growth in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.

35 , 36 , 39 Two trials showed a trend toward better length growth; 34 , 38 however, in the study by Miller et al 34 this did not reach statistical significance (0.1 cm/week greater than controls; P = .08).

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Many of the trials showing significantly increased weight gain in higher-protein intake groups did show a trend for increased rates of growth in length and HC but failed to reach significance. 23 - 25 It may be that these trials were underpowered to detect statistically significant differences in these growth measures as they are more variable than weight.

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The small sample sizes of the trials by Costa-Orvay et al 17 and Bhatia et al 22 may have limited their ability to show a significant difference between groups, as both trials showed a trend toward increased growth in infants with higher protein intakes.

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