Maternal high-fat hypercaloric diet during pregnancy results in persistent metabolic and respiratory abnormalities in offspring.

Both nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes were upregulated in the lung tissues of pups born to HFD dams, but the transcripts encoding BDNF increased fourfolds ( Figure 1 ; n = 7 per group; P < 0.001), whereas the increase of NGF transcripts was smaller and did not reach statistical significance.

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This trend became highly statistically significant in the adult rats born to HFD dams, which also had higher serum triglycerides and showed a trend to become heavier than age-matched controls, whereas total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose were not significantly different.

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