Elevated peripheral cytokines characterize a subgroup of people with schizophrenia displaying poor verbal fluency and reduced Broca's area volume.

Decreased verbal fluency (COWAT) in schizophrenia patients with elevated cytokines Performance on all cognitive tests was significantly lower in schizophrenia relative to controls (see Figure 3 , Supplementary Table 2 ) with the exception of the COWAT letter fluency (which showed a trend at P =0.06) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–3rd edition similarities subtest.

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The majority of the remaining cytokines were also increased in schizophrenia but differences did not reach statistical significance: IL-8: 9.20% t(82)=0.87, P =0.39, IL-18: 11.5% t(83)=1.29, P =0.20, IL-6: 8.78%, t(83)=1.06, P =0.29.

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