After adjusting for confounders, significant positive associations were found between serum cotinine levels and rhinitis ever (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–7.60; P = 0.03) and current rhinitis (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.07–6.89; P = 0.04), while the association for physician-diagnosed rhinitis approaching borderline statistical significance (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 0.88–5.83; P = 0.09) ( Fig. 1a ).
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Exposure to tobacco smoke and childhood rhinitis: a population-based study.
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Serum cotinine levels were positively associated with rhinitis ever (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–7.60) and current rhinitis (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.07–6.89), while the association for physician-diagnosed rhinitis approaching borderline significance (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 0.88–5.83).
We found a borderline significant negative interaction between serum cotinine levels and allergic sensitization on current rhinitis ( P cotinine-allergic sensitization = 0.07).