Gene therapy with the TRF1 telomere gene rescues decreased TRF1 levels with aging and prolongs mouse health span.

Finally, AAV9‐TRF1‐injected mice also showed a trend of improvement in homeostatic model assessment (HOMA‐IR) compared to control mice treated with the AAV9‐empty vector (Fig. 4 N), again suggesting improved insulin sensitivity in the AAV9‐TRF1‐treated cohorts (Heikkinen et al ., 2007 b).

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However, we readily detected a highly significant increase in ‘high TRF1’ nuclei in the AAV9‐TRF1‐treated mice compared to the controls, confirming that at late time points, TRF1 is still overexpressed (Fig. 6 E), however, in fewer cells than at earlier time points (Fig. 2 D).

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Mice treated with AAV9‐TRF1 at 1 year of age showed a statistically significant improvement of neuromuscular coordination in the tightrope test at 7 months postinjection compared to controls treated with the empty vector, and this difference was maintained at later time points although the results did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 3 A).

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