Conclusions In summary, an adverse trend was found between outdoor PM 2.5 and 2.5-year progression of MAC in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort from 6 U.S. cities with low exposures by historical and international standards, although this association could not be confirmed.
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Exposure to ambient air pollution and calcification of the mitral annulus and aortic valve: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).
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Our findings of a suggestive trend towards increased 2.5-year progression of MAC with exposure to outdoor PM 2.5 , if confirmed in additional well-powered studies with longer periods of follow-up, may provide insight into other potential underlying mechanisms linking air pollution to CVD morbidity and mortality.