Multiple sclerosis risk variants alter expression of co-stimulatory genes in B cells.

We observed highly significant associations between CD40 expression and the rs4810485 genotype in all B cell subsets (patients: P ≤ 5.10 × 10 −5 , controls P ≤ 4.09 × 10 −6 ), with each copy of the multiple sclerosis risk allele rs4810485*T corresponding to lower CD40 cell surface expression levels ( Figs 1 and 2 ).

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In untreated multiple sclerosis patients, the myeloid cell subset showed a trend for decreased CD40 MFI ( P = 0.0024) ( Supplementary Fig. 10 ).

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Concerning CD86 MFI, nominally significant associations were observed for all B cell subsets in controls and for switched B cells in cases, but these trends did not survive correction for multiple testing ( Supplementary Figs 11 and 12 ).

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