Ghrelin Pre-treatment Attenuates Local Oxidative Stress and End Organ Damage During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Anesthetized Rats.

In contrast to the myocardium, the number of TUNEL-apoptotic cells and caspase-3 protein expression in the lungs was markedly increased by CPB in both saline treated and ghrelin treated CPB rats compared to sham rats, but this did not reach statistical significance for caspase-3 protein (apoptotic cell number p = 0.004 and p = 0.016) (Figures 5D–F,I ).

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However, there was a strong trend for ghrelin treatment to attenuate the early increase in IL-6 levels at 120 min of CPB ( p = 0.052), although there was no difference from the saline-treated rats at 240 min ( p = 0.771; Figures 2D,E ).

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