Effects on gene expression and behavior of untagged short tandem repeats: the case of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) and externalizing behaviors.

Furthermore, polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses are based on the premise that hundreds, or even thousands, of loci contribute to the inheritance 1 , 46 , 47 , and cross-inheritance 48 of psychiatric diseases, but in PRS, it is unclear which of the nominally significant SNPs represents a contributing locus based on the statistical criteria by which they were selected.

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The RS1 306 allele showed a strong dose-dependent association with externalizing behavior ( p = 0.005, homozygous OR = 5.12), and AVR short alleles showed a trend toward a dose-dependent association, although ultimately not significant ( p = 0.110) (Table 2 , Supplementary Figure 2 ).

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