Within-quadrant position and orientation specificity after extensive orientation discrimination learning is related to performance gains during late learning.

For the P 135 condition there was a highly significant effect of position ( F (1, 9) = 38.898; p < .001), with the orientation discrimination test threshold at the trained position ( Fig 3B , black circle) being lower than the average threshold of all other test positions ( Fig 3B , black square).

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However, the correlation for late learning showed a slight non-significant trend to be smaller than for early learning ( p = .177), and a significant trend to be smaller than for intermediate learning ( p = .016).

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In the non-trained test positions that were tested at the 45° and the 135° reference orientation (compare square symbols), there was a near-significant trend for orientation specificity ( t (9) = -3.446, p = .051).

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The differences in S’ for 3° (ΔS’ 3° = .116, p = .062), 6°(ΔS’ 6° = .513, p = .001), 9° (ΔS’ 9° = .222, p = .011), 12° (ΔS’ 12° = .089, p = .006), and 15° (ΔS’ 15° = .157, p = .054) were significant for 6° and 9° but failed to reach significance for the remaining eccentricities.

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