High waist circumference (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20), elevated cholesterol (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13), and high blood pressure (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) were each significantly associated with higher risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women, and there was a clear trend in increased risk with increased number of MetS components among postmenopausal women.
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Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Breast Cancer and Subtypes by Race, Menopause and BMI.
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The result of another meta-analysis of observational studies [ 36 ], two of which overlap with the previous meta-analysis [ 30 ], indicated a borderline non-significant 11% increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with MetS in cohort studies, a two-fold increased risk in studies with other study designs, and a 52% increased risk overall.