HIV-exposed infants whose mothers tested HIV-negative or were not tested during pregnancy or not taking ART during pregnancy were at increased risk of MTCT, as was starting infant antiretroviral prophylaxis after 72 h and incomplete antiretroviral treatment/prophylaxis (lack of anitretrovirals in either mother or baby or both), however these variables did not reach statistical significance ( p < 0.05).
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Impact of maternal ART on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV at six weeks postpartum in Rwanda.
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of marginal significancep -value < 0.10
Variables were retained for final multivariable models if they were either at least of marginal significance ( p -value < 0.10) or played a confounding role (the variable had a noticeable impact > 10% change on the effect estimate).
Factors suggesting higher socio-demographic status were risk factors for MTCT (flush toilet, mother self-employed (borderline significant).
Receipt of maternal ART and infant antiretroviral prophylaxis according to Rwanda EMTCT protocol was a highly significant protective factor against MTCT (OR 0.01; 95%CI 0.001–0.17), while variables suggesting inadequate antiretroviral treatment/prophylaxis were all significant risk factors (No referral for ART, started of ART after delivery, and start of infant Nevirapine after 72 h).