While there were no statistically significant sex differences, there was a clear trend toward a larger response of female cells to IL-4.
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Sex- and Development-Dependent Responses of Rat Microglia to Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Stimulation.
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IL-4 also increased COX-2 protein, consistent with the increases in mRNA (8.4-fold in males, 11.3-fold in females), but protein changes did not reach statistical significance.