Evolution of non-kin cooperation: social assortment by cooperative phenotype in guppies.

This seemed to be mostly driven by females, with six populations showing significant repeatability for females, whereas for males significance was found in two populations (with four others showing a tendency towards significance; table 1 ).

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Without repeatability, males in the other populations cannot be said to have a cooperative phenotype by which to assort; however, given that repeatability in males in multiple cases approached significance, it is possible that repeatability is generally present in males, but that it is lower and more difficult to detect than in females.

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