Spaceborne Satellite for Snow Cover and Hydrological Characteristic of the Gilgit River Basin, Hindukush⁻Karakoram Mountains, Pakistan.

A highly significant negative correlation is found between SCA and mean annual temperatures as observed at Gilgit (r = −0.612), Khunjerab (r = −0.662), Gupis (r = −0.626), Naltar (r = −0.653), and Ziarat (r = −0.683).

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A non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope are calculated to assess whether a significant trend exists in the SCA time series data.

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Furthermore, in autumn starting in 2010, the annual SCA indicates a negative trend of about 608 km 2 /year below the average for the period of 2001–2015. 3.2.

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Seasonal trends of summer mean air temperature (July–September) which is the key for glacier melt, showed a decreasing trend at several climate stations in the Karakoram region during 1961–2000 [ 17 ].

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The annual mean temperature and precipitation show an increasing trend with highest values of slope 0.05 °C/year and 14.98 mm/year, respectively.

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