17-α estradiol ameliorates age-associated sarcopenia and improves late-life physical function in male mice but not in females or castrated males.

When this negative relationship was accounted for by including weight as a covariate, mice treated with 17aE2 still showed improved rotarod performance relative to body weight (Figure 3 c), although the p ‐value for an effect of 17aE2 treatment in cohort 1, when including body weight as a covariate, failed to reach statistical significance ( p = 0.062).

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The difference between control mice and mice treated with 17aE2 from 16 months was statistically significant, showing a benefit of late‐life treatment, whereas the difference between mice treated from 4 months and controls did not reach statistical significance (Figure 6 c). 3 DISCUSSION Pharmacological treatments that extend the lifespan of laboratory organisms deserve consideration as guides to interventions that could improve healthy aging in humans (Longo et al., 2015 ).

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