After the training intervention, there was a significant main effect for time in lower third of VL ( p < 0.05; η 2 = 0.360) alongside borderline significant time effect in midway third of VL ( p = 0.072; η 2 = 0.265), whereas no significant group × time interaction was obtained in neither of all three thirds of VL.
Vascular Function Two-way ANOVA showed no significant main effect for group ( p = 0.134) or group × time interaction ( p = 0.28), whereas a borderline significance was observed for time effect ( p = 0.092; η 2 = 0.236).
On the contrary, improvements of muscle thickness on upper and midway thirds of VL in the BFR resistance training group showed a trend toward statistical significance (1.58–1.67 cm, p = 0.096 and 1.60–1.68 cm, p = 0.082, respectively).
Our results have shown that BFR resistance training is efficient only in terms of improving muscle strength and blood pressure, whereas the effect on muscle size and biomarkers failed to reach statistical significance and needs to be addressed in larger and longer studies.