Supplementation of diet with non-digestible oligosaccharides alters the intestinal microbiota, but not arthritis development, in IL-1 receptor antagonist deficient mice.

A prominent effect observed in the 2.5% scGOS/lcFOS fed mice compared to the control group was a highly significant increase in the family Lachnospiraceae ( Fig 1 and S2 Table ).

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The mice in the 2.5% scGOS/lcFOS group showed a trend toward reduced arthritis severity scores over the entire 8-week study period; however, this effect was not significant ( p = 0.0571; Fig 2A ).

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The small intestine lamina propria (SI-LP) of mice on the 5% scGOS/lcFOS diet contained slightly increased percentages of Th17, Th1 and Tregs, however these effect failed to reach statistical significance ( S5A–S5C Fig ).

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