A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Undulatory, Staggered, and Linear Load Manipulations in Aerobic Training on Oxygen Supply, Muscle Injury, and Metabolism in Male Recreational Runners.

However, after 8 weeks of training, Hb levels showed a trend to increase in proportion in the Und-Und group in comparison with the other training groups: Und-Und: 13.9 ± 1.2 versus 15.0 ± 0.8, Δ% = 8.16, d = 1.10, p = 0.19; Und-Lin: 15.0 ± 0.9 versus 16.2 ± 0.9, Δ% = 7.86, d = 1.26, p = 0.01; Sta-Und: 15.4 ± 0.6 versus 16.5 ± 1.1, Δ% = 7.15, d = 1.33, p = 0.04; Sta-Lin: 15.7 ± 1.0 versus 15.6 ± 0.7, Δ% = − 0.46, d = 0.09, p = 0.81; and control group 14.4 ± 1.3 versus 15.2 ± 0.7, Δ% = 5.20, d = 0.75, p = 0.16.

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Our results showing a strong trend to decline CK and LDH circulating levels in recreational athletes after a specific taper-like period suggest that the Und-Und model might be more effective to prevent overtraining and stress due to oscillations between volume/intensity and recovery.

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Und-Und showed a significant increase in MCHC, T and Free T/C ratio, a positive trend to increase Ht% and Hb levels, and a trend to decrease CK, LDH, and C circulating levels.

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