Testosterone Supplementation and Cognitive Functioning in Men-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

J Endocr Soc · 2019 · PMC6676074 · PMID 31384712

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.1080

boldest claim

The sentences

a statistical trendP < 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The results for three moderators showed a statistical trend ( P < 0.10).

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failed to reach statistical significanceP = 0.108not close (p > 0.1)

The small improvement found in overall cognitive functioning (Hedges g = 0.09; CI 95%: −0.02 to 0.19) failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.108) and approached zero when adjusting for possible publication bias ( g = 0.04).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The effects for the 11 individual cognitive domains did not reach statistical significance ( g : −0.04 to 0.19, P : 0.061 to 0.989).

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failed to reach significanceno p-value reported

The exception was in the study subgroup investigating men with normal testosterone levels, where the effect failed to reach significance when outliers were winsorized (see Table 5 ). 3.

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