Cardiovascular health and the menopausal woman: the role of estrogen and when to begin and end hormone treatment.

In its latest review of cardioprotection the NHS continued to show a highly significant decrease in the relative risk of major coronary disease—odds ratio 0.45, confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.60—in women who received MHT 24 , 25 .

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Their results showed a trend toward reduced CVD risk in women who started hormone therapy at a younger age or closer to menopause or both ( Table 1 and Table 2 ) 44 .

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Under the ELITE hormonal regimen, improved CIMT over placebo treatment was not apparent until 3 or 4 years of treatment and did not reach statistical significance until 5 years of treatment 58 ( Figure 3 ).

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