Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Action and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy Development in KK-Ay Obese Diabetic Mice.

Oxidative stress indicators, such as the whole-kidney MDA level, and ER stress marker CHOP did not show a clearly significant difference and relatively large variance was noted.

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The mRNA expression level of collagen 1a1 was increased in the kidneys of KK-Ay mice, but this elevation tended to be normalized by febuxostat treatment though the difference did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 4 B).

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