Single-inhaler triple therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.

In the study that assessed the single-inhaler triple therapy GLY/FOR/B (KRONOS), triple therapy resulted in nominally significant improvements in SGRQ total score over 24 weeks compared with LAMA/LABA (difference: –1.22; 95% CI: − 2.30, − 0.15; p = 0.0259), but not LAMA/ICS (difference: –0.45; 95% CI: − 1.78, 0.87; p = 0.5036) [ 26 ].

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Smoking status subgroup For the smoking status subgroup, there was a strong trend for a higher reduction in the rate of moderate and severe exacerbations in ex-smokers compared to smokers for triple therapy comparisons with LAMA/LABA in the largest study (IMPACT) and against LABA/ICS in TRILOGY.

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