Impact of Tilapia hepcidin 2-3 dietary supplementation on the gut microbiota profile and immunomodulation in the grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus).

Additionally, a strong trend toward increase of MHC-I expression was observed at 9 h post-bacterial infection in the rTH2-3-supplemented fish compared controls (Figs. 8j and 9j ), indicating an activation of both cytotoxic and CD8 + suppressor T-lymphocyte host-defense mechanisms that together reflect overall immune function ( i.e .

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The Chao1 index showed a trend toward increase in the rTH2-3-supplemented group, while the ACE-diversity index was significantly higher in the rTH2-3 group compared to the regular diet (control) group (Fig. 6g , p < 0.05).

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