Owners' Attitudes, Knowledge, and Care Practices: Exploring the Implications for Domestic Cat Behavior and Welfare in the Home.

When the sexes were considered separately, there was no significant difference in the number of behavior problems between intact (median = 5, range: 0–9) and neutered (median = 3, range: 0–9) male cats, although the difference approached significance ( p < 0.02).

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Interestingly, the inverse relationship between use of punishment and the emotional bond between owner and cat did not reach statistical significance, perhaps highlighting the need for additional education of well-intentioned cat owners about the welfare risks to their cats of using positive punishment-based approaches.

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