Depressive symptoms (HAM-D17) ANOVA showed no effect of time and no group × time interaction on depressive symptoms measured by the HAM-D17, but the main effect of group approached significance ( F = 4.033, p = 0.051).
For example, a recent prospective study of middle-aged women showed a significant trend of later chronotype with development of depressive symptoms 50 , and a study of young adults including patients receiving treatment for unipolar depression and controls found associations between circadian timing and depression severity, as well as the presence of hypomanic symptoms 51 .